Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part G (2025)

Thalassemia is a genetic hemoglobin malady that causes inefficient erythropoiesis and chronic anaemia, which were conventionally treated with a regular blood transfusion and iron chelation therapy. By causing fetal hemoglobin (HgF) synthesis, hydroxyurea assists patients with specific cases of hemoglobinopathy in improving hemoglobin levels, suppressing hemolysis, and decreasing the number of transfusion. Clinical trials have shown unpredictable yet encouraging outcomes especially in thalassemia intermedia where it improves the erythropoietic efficiency and alleviates the complications of iron overload. Hydroxyurea is a cost-effective, available treatment with potential to be used in resource-limited regions although its long-term effectiveness and safety have to be examined further. Issues of monitoring of treatment, variability of response and selection of the patient are also a major consideration. This review outlines the possible therapeutic value of hydroxyurea, based on the value of the drug to maximize the disease control and enhance the quality of life among thalassemia patients.