Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part E (2025)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide, representing a major public health challenge. This review summarizes the current understanding of CRC carcinogenesis, highlights epidemiological trends, outlines established and emerging risk factors, and evaluates advances in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Particular emphasis is given to the global burden of disease, molecular insights, screening strategies, and therapeutic innovations, including immunotherapy and targeted agents. Despite significant progress, challenges persist in early detection, disparities in healthcare access, and treatment resistance. Future directions involve precision oncology, integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in screening, and personalized prevention strategies.