Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part D (2025)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease and hyperacidity are now key global health issues, impacting an estimated millions of people worldwide. Their incidences have escalated exponentially within the last three decades, primarily attributed to inactive lifestyles, escalating obesity, and dietary changes. This is a thorough investigation into the worldwide prevalence, etiology, symptoms, diagnostic techniques, and management strategies for gastroesophageal reflux disease and hyperacidity. A comprehensive review of recent literature was undertaken, examining the disease pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, management options, and population dynamics relevant to these illnesses. Our data show that gastroesophageal reflux disease impacted 825.6 million individuals worldwide in 2021, an 83.16% increase from 1990. The illness is more prevalent in women and varies highly regionally, with poorer nations having higher rates disproportionately. The illness arises due to several interrelated factors, such as excessive secretion of stomach acid, compromised function of the lower esophageal sphincter, and myriad lifestyle and medical factors. Physicians employ various methods of diagnosis, from therapeutic trials involving proton pump inhibitors to high-technology pH monitoring systems. Treatment options include lifestyle modification, drugs like antacids, histamine-2 receptor blockers, and proton pump inhibitors, with surgery kept only for extreme cases that fail to respond to therapy. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is an emerging global health threat that requires a holistic management strategy. Although medication remains the main therapeutic strategy, operations offer worthy alternatives in carefully chosen patients. Future research needs to work on the creation of preventive measures and new treatments to counter this growing health concern.