Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part C (2025)

Background: The global surge in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) necessitates novel plant-based antimicrobials. Coleus aromaticus (Indian borage), traditionally used for dermatological and respiratory ailments, is underexplored for its stem-derived antibacterial properties. 
Objective: This study evaluates the antibacterial efficacy of ethanolic Coleus aromaticus stem extract in topical ointment formulations against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 
Methods: Ethanolic stem extract was obtained via maceration and subjected to phytochemical screening. Ointments (5% and 10% w/w) were formulated using an emulsifying base and assessed for physicochemical properties (appearance, pH, spreadability, homogeneity, washability). Antibacterial activity was determined using the agar well diffusion method, with norfloxacin as the positive control. 
Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed alkaloids, phenolics, saponins, and steroids. The 10% ointment showed superior inhibition zones (18.6±0.5 mm for E. coli; 19.4±0.6 mm for S. aureus), with statistically significant inhibition compared to the base control (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, p< 0.001). Ointments were stable, with a skin-compatible pH of 4.9 and excellent spreadability. 
Conclusion: Coleus aromaticus stem extract demonstrates promising antibacterial activity, supporting its potential as a natural topical antimicrobial. Further studies should focus on compound isolation and in vivo validation.