Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part B (2025)

Progressive neurodegeneration, which causes memory loss, cognitive decline, and functional impairment is known as Alzheimer's disease, the most common type of dementia, first identified by Alois Alzheimer in 1907. Neurites, amyloid- deposits and neurofibrillary tangles are pathological features of this condition, along with synaptic dysfunction and the death of neurons. Recent developments have led to a significant increase in the global prevalence of dementia, with estimates suggesting that up to 150 million people will be affected by the condition by 2050.However exposure to head trauma, infections, and environmental factors also plays a role in promoting the development of the Alzheimer's disease The progression Alzheimer's diseasei of occurs in three phases, mild, moderate and severe with the ultimate outcome being complete dependence on caregivers.The current pharmacological treatments, such as drugs that block acetylcholinesterase, anti-amyloid effects and selective lipoprotein receptors, calcium antagonists, antioxidants or iron chelators, provide only temporary relief.Blarcamesine a novel small-molecule sigma-1 receptor agonist and muscarinic receptor modulator, may be an effective treatment option for diseases. Through its activation of sigma-1 receptors, it provides multi-targeted neuroprotection by enhancing mitochondrial stability, decreasing oxidative stress, promoting autophagy, improving synaptic plasticity. High brain penetration and oral bioavailability are favorable pharmacokinetic traits, which further enhance its therapeutic potential. Currently, clinical studies demonstrate that Blarcamesine has the potential to enhance treatment of Alzheimer's disease by targeting neurodegeneration mechanisms beyond just symptomatic therapy.