Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part A (2025)

Pelargonium graveolens L ’Hér., commonly known as rose-scented geranium, is an aromatic and medicinal plant widely valued in traditional medicine systems for treating a variety of ailments, including respiratory disorders, gastrointestinal issues, skin conditions, and infections. Its essential oil and extracts are extensively utilized in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and aromatherapy industries. This review comprehensively explores the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological properties of P. graveolens, drawing from both traditional practices and contemporary scientific research. Phytochemical analysis has identified a rich diversity of compounds, predominantly monoterpenoids such as citronellol, geraniol, and linalool, alongside flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, and fatty acids. These bioactive constituents contribute to the plant's broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, and anticancer effects. The essential oil has demonstrated significant antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, while experimental studies have indicated potential therapeutic applications in managing diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. Despite these promising findings, clinical validation and mechanistic studies remain limited, highlighting the need for further research. Future prospects include standardizing cultivation and extraction protocols, developing novel formulations, and expanding applications in nanotechnology and sustainable agriculture. This review underscores the multifaceted therapeutic potential of P. graveolens and advocates for its continued exploration as a natural source of bioactive compounds in modern medicine and industry.