Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part A (2025)
Evaluation of analgesic activity of methanolic root extracts of Trapa bispinosa roxb
Anjani Sinha, Ranjeet Singh Kushwah, Avdesh Singh Kushwah and Vijay Singh Kushwah
India has one of the richest plant medical traditions in the world. It is a tradition that is of remarkable contemporary relevance for ensuring health security to the teeming millions. There are estimated to be around 25,000 effective plant- based formulations, used in folk medicine and known to rural communities in India. There are over 1.5 million practitioners of traditional medicinal system using medicinal plants in preventive, promotional and curative applications. It is estimated that there are over 7800 medicinal drug-manufacturing units in India, which consume about 2000 tonnes of herbs annually.
Chinese herbal medicines constitute multibillion dollar industries worldwide and more than 1500 herbals are sold as dietary supplements or ethnic traditional medicines. Another example of the use of an herbal preparation in modern medicine is the foxglove plant. This herb had been in use since 1775. At present, the millions of heart patients know the powdered leaf of this plant as the cardiac stimulant, digitalis. There are over 750,000 plants on earth. Relatively speaking, only a very few of the healing herbs have been studied scientifically. Because modern pharmacology looks for one active ingredient and seeks to isolate it to the exclusion of all the others, most of the research that is done on plants continues to focus on identifying and isolating active ingredients, rather than studying the medicinal properties of whole plants. Herbalists, however, consider that the power of a plant lies in the interaction of all its ingredients. Plants used as medicines offer synergistic interactions between ingredients both known and unknown. Algesic substances are released by damaged tissues in localized area. This phenomenon is known as peripheral sensitization. As healing starts, nerve ending of the polymodal C-fibers show increased sensitivity to stimuli. Thus any stimuli in a winter area than the initial site of injury become painful. This process is a result of increased sensitization of nerve endings and is known as central sensitization.
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