Vol. 6, Issue 1, Part A (2024)

Takayasu arteritis is a chronic increasing granulomatous necrotizing large vessel vasculitis that involves the aorta and its branches. Females are mainly affected by this disease. Here the inflammation and intimal proliferation cause the thickening of the wall, stenotic or occlusive lesions, thrombosis, and aneurysms, and dissection is developed by the destruction of elastic and muscular layers. It is also known as the pulseless disease. The general symptoms observed are fever, malaise, weight loss, and anorexia. Due to inflammation, the arteries are narrowed which leads to a decrease in the blood flow. Angiography, Ultrasound, and Doppler techniques are used in the diagnosis of the Takayasu arteries. The disease is majorly observed in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The future of TA management is precision medicine, which uses biomarkers and molecular profiling to personalize treatment regimens and improve patient results. Additional study is required to understand the underlying mechanisms of TA and create targeted therapeutics. MTX, AZA, MMF, LEF, and corticosteroids are among the traditional immunosuppressive drugs that are most frequently utilized. In individuals who continue to be resistant or intolerant to these treatments, biologic medications such as tocilizumab, rituximab, and TNF inhibitors appear to hold possibilities. In TA, antiplatelet therapy may also reduce the incidence of ischemic events. When there is serious artery stenosis in a short tract, balloon angioplasty or stent graft replacement could be appropriate. However, surgical bypass of the afflicted segment is necessary for long-segment stenosis with severe periarterial fibrosis or blockage. This procedure is certainly associated with better outcomes than endovascular treatments. In general, during the active stage of the illness, endovascular intervention and surgical operations should be avoided.